Unit+1+Objectives

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 * Unit 1: Pre-Experimentation and Introduction to Matter**

//Big Ideas//
 * Pre-Experimental Scientific Inquiry
 * Forming Testable Questions
 * Observations and Inferences
 * Matter
 * Properties of Matter
 * States of Matter
 * Measurement

//Adapted Learning Goals and Objectives //S1.1 Define, describe the importance of, and record quantitative and qualitative observations.

S1.2 Describe the three states of matter and changes in states of matter.
 * Identify the two changes that can happen when a substance loses or gains energy.
 * Explain how energy/temperature relate to changes of states of matter.
 * Identify examples of each state of matter.
 * Describe the three states of matter at the level of the particles using a model.
 * Contrast the three states of matter.
 * Describe the changes in states of matter.

S1.3 Describe the two properties of all matter.
 * Identify the units used to measure volume and mass.

S1.4 Identify six examples of physical properties and two examples of chemical properties of matter.
 * Describe how density is used to identify substances.
 * Explain what happens to matter during a physical change and give examples.

S1.5 Explain the differences between and identify examples of physical and chemical changes.

S1.6 Describe the properties shared by particles of all matter.

S1.7 Describe three factors that affect how gases behave and predict changes when these factors are changed.
 * Define and describe temperature.
 * Define and describe pressure.
 * Define and describe volume.
 * Describe and provide formula for Boyle's law.
 * Describe and provide formula for Charles's law.
 * Predict how a change in pressure or temperature will affect the volume of a gas.


 * S1.8 Generate and evaluate questions about objects, organisms and/or events that can be answered through scientific investigations.

// District Proscribed Learning Goals // **
 * 1) Identify the units used to measure volume and mass
 * 2) Compare mass and weight
 * 3) Describe how density is used to identify substances
 * 4) Explain what happens to matter during a physical change and give examples
 * 5) Describe two examples of chemical properties
 * 6) Describe the properties shared by particles of all matter
 * 7) Predict how a change in pressure or temperature will affect the volume of a gas
 * 8) Identify the two changes that can happen when a substance loses or gains energy

// Scientific Inquiry Orientations // Students must be able to ask questions, make observations, design and conduct investigations, use appropriate tools and techniques in order to gather and analyze data, utilize critical thinking skills, use evidence to develop explanations and predictions, and communicate this information to others (National Research Council, 2000). National Research Council. (2000). // Inquiry and the national science education standards: A guide for teaching and learning //. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Scientific inquiry refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work. Inquiry also refers to the activities of students in which they develop knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, as well as an understanding of how scientists study the natural world" (National Research Council, 1996, p. 23). National Research Council. (1996). // National science education standards // . Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

PENNSYLVANIA STATE STANDARDS Inquiry and Design //3.2.7.A Explain and apply scientific and technological knowledge.// 1. Distinguish between a scientific theory and a belief. 2. Answer “What if” questions based on observation, inference or prior knowledge or experience. 3. Explain how skepticism about an accepted scientific explanation led to a new understanding. 4. Explain how new information may change existing theories and practice.

//3.2.7.B Apply process knowledge to make and interpret observations.// 1. Measure materials using a variety of scales. 2. Describe relationships by making inferences and predictions. 3. Communicate, use space / time relationships, define operationally, raise questions, formulate hypotheses, test and experiment. 4. Design controlled experiments, recognize variables, and manipulate variables. 5. Interpret data, formulate models, design models, and produce solutions.

//3.2.7.C Identify and use the elements of scientific inquiry to solve problems.// 1. Generate questions about objects, organisms and/or events that can be answered through scientific investigations. 2. Evaluate the appropriateness of questions. 3. Design an investigation with limited variables to investigate a question. 4. Conduct a two-part experiment. 5. Judge the significance of experimental information in answering the question. 6. Communicate appropriate conclusions from the experiment.

Physical Science, Chemistry and Physics** // 3.4.7.A Describe concepts about the structure and properties of matter. // 1. Identify elements as basic building blocks of matter that cannot be broken down chemically. 2. Distinguish compounds from mixtures. 3. Describe and conduct experiments that identify chemical and physical properties. 4. Describe reactants and products of simple chemical reactions.
 * 3.4.10.A.4 Describe phases of matter according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory. **

Technological Devices** //3.7.7.A Describe the safe and appropriate use of tools, materials and techniques to answer questions and solve problems.// 1. Identify uses of tools, machines, materials, information, people, money, energy and time that meet specific design criteria. 2. Describe safe procedures for using tools and materials. 3. Assess materials for appropriateness of use.

//3.7.7.B Use appropriate instruments and apparatus to study materials.// 1. Select appropriate instruments to measure the size, weight, shape and temperature of living and non-living objects. 2. Apply knowledge of different measurement systems to measure and record objects’ properties.

//3.7.7.C Explain and demonstrate basic computer operations and concepts.// 1. Know specialized computer applications used in the community. 3. Demonstrate age appropriate keyboarding skills and techniques.

//3.7.7.D Apply computer software to solve specific problems.// 1. Identify software designed to meet specific needs (e.g., Computer Aided Drafting, design software, tutorial, financial, presentation software). 2. Identify and solve basic software problems relevant to specific software applications. 3. Identify basic multimedia applications. 4. Demonstrate a basic knowledge of desktop publishing applications. 5. Apply intermediate skills in utilizing word processing, database and spreadsheet software.

//3.7.7.E Explain basic computer communications systems.// 2. Apply advanced electronic mail functions. 3. Apply basic on-line research techniques to solve a specific problem.

PENNSYLVANIA ASSESSMENT ANCHORS

S8.A.1.1 Explain, interpret and apply scientific, environmental, or technological knowledge presented in a variety of formats (e.g., visuals, scenarios, graphs). S8.A.1.2 Identify and explain the impacts of applying scientific, environmental, or technological knowledge to address solutions to practical problems.

S8.A.2.1 Apply knowledge of scientific investigation or technological design in different contexts to make inferences to solve problems. S8.A.2.2 Apply appropriate instruments for a specific purpose and describe the information the instrument can provide.

S8.A.3.2 Apply knowledge of models to make predictions, draw inferences, or explain technological concepts. S8.A.3.3 Describe repeated processes or recurring elements in scientific and technological patterns. S8.C.1.1 Explain concepts about the structure and properties (physical and chemical) of matter.